US Bank and Card Transactions

• Transaction enrichment

  turn 2,187,649 distinct raw lines into merchant, category and MCC, across five banks' wrappers and the processors in them (Square, Toast, Clover, PayPal, Stripe), with the clean label on every row to train and score against.

• Recurring payment and subscription detection

  36,962 recurring streams are the truth, with first and last dates and why each ended (cancelled, price change, the customer switched card), so a detector is scored against what really recurred, not a guess.

• Cash-flow underwriting and income verification

  payroll on its payday with raises, bonuses and job changes, unemployment insurance, Social Security on its Wednesday, gig payouts, and the overdrafts, returned items and charge-offs that follow from them, on running balances.

• Card fraud and authorization models

  3,097,327 authorizations with 1.77% declined and the ISO response code for each, card testing, card-not-present runs at real online merchants, cloned cards far from home and lost or stolen cards nearby, each joined to its fraud case.

• Disputes and chargebacks

  9,716 disputes with Visa and Mastercard reason codes, Regulation E and Regulation Z timelines, provisional credit and outcomes, including holders who claimed their own purchase.

• Overdraft, fees and credit cards

  each bank's overdraft fee, threshold, daily cap and grace period, monthly fees and their waivers, savings rates that follow the Fed, and card statements with interest, minimum due, late fees and autopay.

• Building and demoing fintech products

  a budgeting app, an aggregator, a bank's own app or a lending dashboard, filled with lines that read like the real thing.

• Teaching

  SQL, pandas and modelling courses on data shaped like a bank's, with nothing confidential in it.

• transactions.descriptionThe raw statement line, as the account's bank prints it: what a model reads.2,187,649 distinct
• transactions.merchant_nameThe clean merchant or counterparty behind the line.21,350 values: Amazon, Starbucks, Uber…, 7.1% empty
• transactions.categoryWhat the money was for, with a finer subcategory beside it.21 values: food_and_drink, transportation, shopping…
• transactions.mccThe merchant category code the card network carried.742 to 8,661, mean 5,606.1, 25.5% empty
• transactions.stream_idThe recurring stream the line belongs to; recurring_streams says what recurs, how often and why it ended.36,217 values: RS00022500001, RS00232100001, RS00112000001…, 81.9% empty
• transactions.is_fraudA fraudster's charge, not the holder's, joined to its case by fraud_case_id.true on 0.1% of rows
• authorizations.decline_reasonWhy a declined authorization was declined, beside its ISO response code.7 values: over credit limit, insufficient funds, suspected fraud…, 98.2% empty
• fraud_cases.detected_byWho noticed the fraud: the customer or the bank's rule, and when.2 values: bank_rule, customer, 0.2% empty
• disputes.friendly_fraudA holder who claimed their own purchase as fraud.true on 0.062% of rows

• Debit card fraud is 17.7 basis points of card value (the Federal Reserve measured 17.6 for 2023); credit card fraud is 33.1, 1.9 times debit (the Fed's 2016 survey: 17.13 against 9.15, 1.9 times).
• 4.39 dollars are disputed for every $1,000 spent on cards: 2.57 in fraud claims and 1.83 in claims against merchants (the CFPB reports 3.03 dollars disputed per $1,000 of credit card spending in 2024, without saying how much of it is fraud).
• 78% of checking accounts have no overdrawn or returned item in a year; 8% have one to three, 6% four to ten and 8% more (the CFPB's account-level study: 67%, 14%, 10% and 9%, measured before most large banks cut or dropped their fees).
• 12% of checking accounts paid an overdraft fee in 2025 (the Atlanta Fed's 2025 survey: 9% of people with a bank account). Accounts with no fee in a year: Chase 90%, Bank of America 83%, Wells Fargo 87%, Citi 100%, Capital One 100%.
• 39% of credit card accounts are charged interest in most of their last six statements (the CFPB: 49% of accounts revolve); statements that charge interest carry an average APR of 23.31% (the Fed's G.19, Q2 2026: 22.15%). The average credit line is $9,371 (the CFPB: $8,400).
• A household makes 50 card purchases a month across its cards (the Atlanta Fed's diary: 47.2 payments a month per person, 65% of them by card).
• Of card authorizations, 36% are contactless, 29% chip, 29% online or card on file and 2.6% swiped. 1.77% are declined: over credit limit 40%, insufficient funds 30%, suspected fraud 12%, invalid card number 8% of declines.
• Checking accounts see 1.27 returned items a year, concentrated in households whose spending outruns their income; 42 accounts were charged off.

• every key resolves and every primary key is unique; every customer has one checking account; replacement cards point at the card they replace;
• every line's balance follows from the line before it, on every account (4,096,158 lines, no breaks), and every monthly statement reconciles from opening to closing balance;
• every card line traces to an approved authorization on its account, falls inside its card's life, and nothing posts after an account closed;
• ACH posts only on Federal Reserve business days, Social Security on its published days, and payroll lines read PAYROLL from 20 March 2026;
• each bank's overdraft fee, small-item threshold and daily cap hold on every fee, and Citi and Capital One charge none;
• every dated descriptor change, store closure, card acceptance rule (Costco takes only Visa among credit cards, WinCo no credit, Chick-fil-A shuts on Sunday) and Netflix price holds on the dates it applies;
• fraud cases are independent of the holder's age (chi-square p = 0.58) and income (p = 0.46).

• transactionsEvery posting as the bank prints it: the raw statement line, transaction and posted dates, amount, running balance, and the labels behind the line (merchant, category, MCC, channel, payment method, recurring stream, fraud case)4,096,158 rows · 24 cols
• authorizationsEvery card authorization, approved or declined: the descriptor the network carried, MCC, entry mode, wallet, card present or not, the ISO response code and the reason for a decline, fuel and hotel holds3,097,327 rows · 21 cols
• statementsMonthly statements for every account: opening and closing balance, credits, debits, fees, interest earned or charged, and for cards the minimum due, due date, limit and APR185,291 rows · 16 cols
• merchantsEvery merchant and counterparty seen: clean name, an example descriptor, MCC, category, city and state, brand, processor (Square, Toast, Clover and others) and how its descriptor is evidenced163,647 rows · 11 cols
• recurring_streamsThe truth of what recurs: pay, benefits, rent, utilities, phone, insurance, loans, subscriptions, transfers, with counterparty, method, frequency, typical amount, first and last date and why it ended36,962 rows · 15 cols
• cardsEvery plastic: debit and credit, network, last four digits, issued, expiry, the day it stopped working and why (reissued before expiry, lost, stolen, compromised, account closed), the card it replaced and the digital wallet it sits in11,710 rows · 12 cols
• disputesEvery dispute: fraud and merchant claims, the Visa or Mastercard reason code, Regulation E or Z, provisional credit, resolution and outcome, and claims a holder made on their own purchase9,716 rows · 16 cols
• accountsChecking and savings at one of five banks and credit cards at seven issuers: product, opened and closed dates, status at the end (open, closed, charged off), overdraft opt-in and protection, credit limit, APR, annual fee, statement day, network, rewards, how the holder pays8,553 rows · 20 cols
• overdraftsEach overdraft fee and the item it was charged on, under each bank's fee, threshold and daily cap7,258 rows · 8 cols
• returned_itemsACH debits and checks returned unpaid: insufficient funds (R01), re-presented at most twice, or an account closed (R02)6,368 rows · 10 cols
• customersAccount holders: age, place and time zone, household income and its quintile, housing, work, earners, marriage, children, vehicles, credit score, primary bank, when they joined and, for some, when they left2,500 rows · 25 cols
• fraud_casesEach compromised card: how it was compromised, the attempts (approved and declined), who noticed (the customer or the bank's rule), when the card was blocked and its replacement1,506 rows · 15 cols
• brandsThe 148 national and regional brands: category, MCC, parent, sales weight, the states they serve, store closures and reopenings, and the date a descriptor format changed148 rows · 13 cols
• charge_offsChecking accounts closed by the bank after 60 days overdrawn, with the amount written off42 rows · 5 cols

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